The following snippet: def function_1(a): return None def function_2(a): return function_1(a) * function_1(a) print(function_2(2))

def function_1(a):
    return None
 
 
def function_2(a):
    return function_1(a) * function_1(a)
 
 
print(function_2(2))

• will output 4
• will cause a runtime error
• will output 16
• will output 2

Explanation: The None object has no arithmetic operators defined – the program will raise the TypeError exception, because the NoneType type cannot be the * operator’s operand.

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